Abavelisi abahlanu abakhulu be-aluminiyam e-Afrika

Nangona iAfrika inesixa esikhulu se-bauxite, lo mmandla usenayo imveliso ye-aluminiyam ngenxa yobonelelo lwamandla olungaqhelekanga, ukuthintela utyalo-mali lwezemali kunye nophuculo lwangoku, imeko yezopolitiko engazinzanga, kunye nokungabikho kobugcisa. Kukho izinyibilikisi ezininzi ze-aluminiyam ezisasazwe kulo lonke ilizwekazi laseAfrika, kodwa uninzi lwazo alukwazi ukufikelela kumthamo wazo wemveliso kwaye azifane zithathe amanyathelo okuvala, njengeBayside Aluminium eMzantsi Afrika kunye neAlscon eNigeria. 

1. I-Aluminiyam ye-HILLSIDE (eMzantsi Afrika)

Ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-20, iHILLSIDE Aluminium idlale indima ephambili kushishino lwealuminiyam yaseMzantsi Afrika.

Isinyibilikisi se-aluminiyam esise-Richards Bay, kwiPhondo laKwaZulu Natal, malunga neekhilomitha ezili-180 kumntla waseThekwini, sivelisa i-aluminiyam ekumgangatho ophezulu yokuthengisa ngaphandle.

Inxalenye yolwelo lwesinyithi inikezelwa kwiSizinda yeAluminiyam ukuxhasa uphuhliso lweshishini le-aluminiyam esezantsi eMzantsi Afrika, ngelixa i-Isizinda Aluminium inikezela.iipleyiti aluminiyamukuya kuHulamin, inkampani yasekuhlaleni evelisa iimveliso zasekhaya kunye neemarike zangaphandle.

Isinyibilikisi sisebenzisa ialuminiyamu ephuma kumazwe angaphandle eWorsley Alumina eOstreliya ukuvelisa umgangatho ophezulu wealuminiyam. I-Hillside inomthamo wemveliso wonyaka weetoni ezimalunga ne-720000, iyenza ibe ngowona mvelisi mkhulu we-aluminiyam ophambili kwi-hemisphere esemazantsi.

2. IAluminiyam ye-MOZAL (eMozambique)

IMozambique lilizwe elikumazantsi eAfrika, kwaye iMOZAL Aluminium Company ingoyena mqeshi mkhulu welizwe kwezoshishino, eyenza igalelo elibonakalayo kuqoqosho lwasekuhlaleni. Umzi-mveliso we-aluminiyam ukwiikhilomitha ezingama-20 kuphela kwintshona yeMaputo, ikomkhulu laseMozambique.

I-smelter yolona tyalo-mali lwabucala olukhulu kwilizwe kunye notyalo-mali lokuqala lwangaphandle oluthe ngqo lwe-2 yeebhiliyoni zeedola, inceda iMozambique ukuba iphinde yakhiwe emva kwexesha lesiphithiphithi. 

UMzantsi32 unezabelo ezingama-47.10% kwiNkampani yeAluminiyam yaseMozambique, iMitsubishi Corporation Metals Holding GmbH inezabelo ezingama-25%, iIndustrial Development Corporation of South Africa Limited iphethe i-24% yezabelo, kwaye urhulumente weRiphabhliki yaseMozambique uphethe i-3.90% yezabelo.

Imveliso yokuqala yonyaka yesinyibilikisi yayiziitoni ezingama-250000, kwaye emva koko yandiswa ukusuka ku-2003 ukuya ku-2004. Ngoku, ngoyena mvelisi mkhulu we-aluminiyam e-Mozambique kunye nomvelisi we-aluminium wesibini ngobukhulu e-Afrika, kunye nemveliso yonyaka malunga neetoni ezingama-580000. Ibalelwa kuma-30% okuthengiswa ngokusemthethweni kweMozambique kwaye ikwasebenzisa i-45% yombane waseMozambique.

I-MOZAL ikwaqalisile ukubonelela kwishishini lokuqala le-aluminiyam yaseMozambique, kwaye uphuhliso loshishino olusezantsi luya kukhuthaza uqoqosho lwasekhaya.

 3. IYIPUTA (eYiphutha)

I-Egyptalum ikwiikhilomitha ezili-100 kumntla wesixeko saseLuxor. Inkampani yase-Aluminiyam yase-Egypt ngoyena mvelisi mkhulu we-aluminium e-Egypt kunye nomnye wabavelisi abakhulu be-aluminiyam e-Afrika, kunye nomthamo wonyaka wemveliso yeetoni ze-320000. Idama laseAswan linike inkampani umbane ofunekayo.

 Ngokunika ingqwalasela ngokupheleleyo ekunyamekelweni kwabasebenzi kunye neenkokheli, ngokuqhubekayo ukulandela umgangatho ophezulu womgangatho kunye nokugcina isantya kunye nalo lonke uphuhliso kwishishini le-aluminium, iNkampani ye-Aluminiyam yase-Egypt ibe yenye yeenkampani ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe kule ndawo. Basebenza ngokunyaniseka nokuzinikela, beqhuba inkampani ngokuzinza nobunkokeli.

NgoJanuwari 25, 2021, u-Hisham Tawfik, uMphathiswa weZibonelelo zoLuntu, ubhengeze ukuba urhulumente waseYiputa uyafudumala ukuphumeza iiprojekthi zokuphucula i-Egyptalum, inkampani ye-aluminiyam yelizwe edweliswe kwi-EGX njenge-Egyptian Aluminium Industry (EGAL).

UTawfik ukwathe, “Umcebisi weprojekthi u-Bechtel wase-United States kulindeleke ukuba agqibezele uphononongo lokwenzeka kweprojekthi phakathi ku-2021.

Inkampani yase-Egypt ye-Aluminiyam iyinxalenye yeNkampani ye-Metallological Industry Holding Company, kwaye zombini iinkampani ziphantsi kwecandelo lezorhwebo likarhulumente.

4. IVALCO (Ghana)

Isinyibilikisi se-aluminiyam ye-VALCO eGhana yipaki yokuqala yemizi-mveliso yehlabathi kwilizwe elisaphuhlayo. Umthamo wemveliso we-VALCO yi-200000 yeetoni ze-metric ze-aluminiyam yokuqala ngonyaka; Nangona kunjalo, okwangoku, inkampani isebenza kuphela i-20% yayo, kwaye ukwakha indawo yokulinganisa kunye nomthamo kuya kufuna utyalo-mali lwe-1.2 yeebhiliyoni zeedola.

I-VALCO yinkampani yetyala elilinganiselweyo karhulumente waseGhana kwaye iyaqhubeka idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiinzame zikarhulumente zokuphuhlisa i-Integrated Aluminium Industry (IAI). Isebenzisa i-VALCO njengomqolo weprojekthi ye-IAI, iGhana ilungiselela ukongeza ixabiso kwidiphozithi yayo ye-bauxite engaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama-700 eKibi naseNyinahin, idala ngaphezulu kwe-105 yeetriliyoni zexabiso kwaye malunga ne-2.3 yezigidi zamathuba engqesho alungileyo nazinzileyo. Uphononongo olunokwenzeka lwe-VALCO smelter luqinisekisa ukuba i-VALCO iya kuba yinto ephambili ye-ajenda yophuhliso lwaseGhana kunye nentsika yokwenene yoshishino olubanzi lwe-aluminium yaseGhana.

I-VALCO ngoku ingamandla asebenzayo kushishino lwe-aluminiyam esezantsi yaseGhana ngokubonelelwa ngesinyithi kunye neenzuzo ezinxulumene nengqesho. Ukongeza, indawo ye-VALCO inokuhlangabezana nokukhula okulindelekileyo kwishishini le-aluminiyam esezantsi yaseGhana.

5. ALUCAM (Cameroon)

I-Alucam yinkampani yokuvelisa i-aluminium esekelwe eCameroon. Yenziwe nguP é chiney Ugine. I-smelter ise-Ed é a, ikomkhulu lesebe le-Sanaga Maritime kummandla wonxweme, iikhilomitha ezingama-67 ukusuka eDouala.

Umthamo wemveliso wonyaka we-Alucam ujikeleze i-100000, kodwa ngenxa yonikezelo lwamandla olungaqhelekanga, alukwazanga ukufikelela kwithagethi yemveliso.