Itekhnoloji yonyango lomphezulu we-aluminium: "ingubo yomlingo" yesinyithi

Kwindibano yocweyo yokwenziwa kwee-smartphone casings, izikhumba zenqwelomoya, kunye neendonga zokwakhiwa komkhusane, isipili esigudileyoipleyiti aluminiyaminokuguqulwa ibe "lusu oluhlakaniphileyo" olukwaziyo ukunyathela kwiminwe, ukuxhathisa umkrwelo, kwaye lude lube nombala emva kokusetyenzwa ngendlela engaqondakaliyo. Lo ngumlingo wetekhnoloji yonyango lomphezulu we-aluminiyam - ngokusebenzisa umzimba, iikhemikhali, okanye iindlela zebhayoloji, "izixhobo zemolekyuli" ezisebenzayo zakhiwa kumphezulu we-aluminiyam, okuvumela iintsimbi eziqhelekileyo ukuba ziveze amandla amangalisayo.

Kutheni unyango olungaphezulu luyimfuneko?

Nangona i-aluminiyam yaziwa ngokuba "yintsimbi engazange ivuswe", iimpawu zayo zendalo zineentsilelo ezintathu ezinkulu:

I-Corrosion prone: Kwiindawo ezifumileyo, i-aluminiyam idibana neoksijini ukuze yenze umaleko okhuselayo we-aluminiyam oxide, kodwa indawo ezineasidi okanye ezine-alkaline zingonakalisa lo mqobo wendalo.

Ukumelana nokunxiba kakubi: I-aluminiyam ecocekileyo inobunzima be-HV15-20 kuphela (intsimbi ine-HV40-60), kwaye imikrwelo iyakwazi ukwenzeka ngexesha lokungqubana kwemihla ngemihla.

Imida yobuhle: Umphezulu we-aluminiyam ongalungiswanga awucacanga kwaye awunakucwebezela, okwenza kube nzima ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zoyilo oluphezulu.

Itekhnoloji yonyango lomphezulu ijolise ekujonganeni nale miba ngokwenza i-coating esebenzayo ye-0.1-500 μ m kumphezulu we-aluminium, inika iimpawu ezifana nokuxhathisa ukubola, ukumelana nokunxiba kunye nokuhlobisa. Ngaphezulu kwe-200 yezigidi zeetoni ze-aluminiyam ephantsi konyango emhlabeni jikelele minyaka le, idala ixabiso lemveliso elingaphezulu kwe-300 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika.

Uhlalutyo olupheleleyo lweteknoloji yonyango lomphezulu oqhelekileyo

I-Anodizing: Umlingo we-Electrolysis wenza 'isikrweqe'

Umgaqo: Gxininisa imathiriyeli ye-aluminiyam kwi-electrolyte ye-sulfuric acid kwaye uvelise i-10-200 μ m umaleko we-alumina ceramic phezu komhlaba emva kokufakelwa kombane.

Iimpawu eziphambili zobugcisa

Ukwenza ulwakhiwo lwenqatha lobusi oluncinci ngokuqina ukuya kuthi ga kwi-HV300 (yandiswe ngamaxesha ali-15)
Inokudaywa ibe ngaphezulu kwemibala engama-200 (efana ne-gradient blue ye-iPhone).

Ukumelana nokubola kokutshizwa kwetyuwa ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure ezingama-2000 (ipleyiti yealuminiyam eqhelekileyo iiyure ezingama-500 kuphela).

Ityala lesicelo

I-Aerospace: Unyango lwe-Boeing 787 fuselage ulusu lwe-anodized luphucula ukuxhathisa ukuguga kwe-UV ngamaxesha amathathu.

Udonga lokwakha umkhusane: Iphaneli ehlanganisiweyo ye-Alucobond enefilim enobukhulu obuyi-50 μ m, kunye nobomi obungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-50.

I-Electroplating: Ukudityaniswa komda wokuwela kwiiNgxoxo zeMetal

Umgaqo: Ngokubekwa kwe-electrochemical, i-nickel, i-chromium, i-tin kunye nezinye iileya zetsimbi zigqunywe kumphezulu we-aluminiyam.

Impumelelo entsha:

I-Nanoelectroplating: I-Japan iphuhlisa iingubo ze-ultra-thin kunye nobukhulu be-1 μ m kuphela ukugcina inzuzo ye-substrate elula.

I-electroplating ehlanganisiweyo: Ukongeza amasuntswana edayimani kwisisombululo sokucoca ukunyusa ubulukhuni kwi-HV1000.

Ukutshintshwa kokusingqongileyo: Inkqubo ye-Cyanide yasimahla ye-electroplating inciphisa ukukhutshwa kweentsimbi ezinzima nge-90%.

Iimeko zesicelo
Izixhobo zemoto: Itreyi yebhetri yeTesla efakwe umaleko wenickel, ekwaziyo ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-800 ℃.

Iimveliso ze-elektroniki: Igobolondo le-MacBook elifakwe nge-copper layer, i-thermal conductivity iphuculwe ngama-40%.

I-Micro arc oxidation (MAO): "i-atomic furnace" yeengubo ze-ceramic

Umgaqo wobugcisa: Ngaphantsi kombane ophezulu wombane, ukukhutshwa kweplasma kuveliswa kumphezulu we-aluminium, okwenza i-10-200 μ m i-ceramic layer.

Iinzuzo zokusebenza:

Ukumelana nokunxiba: Izinga lokunxiba liphantsi njenge-5 × 10 ⁻⁷ mm ³/N · m (1/5 ye-anodizing).

Ukusebenza kwe-insulation: i-voltage yokuphuka ukuya kwi-2000V / mm (i-10 amaxesha entsimbi).

I-Biocompatibility: iqinisekiswe ngokwezonyango ukuba isetyenziswe kwi-artificial joint implantation.

Frontier applications:

Izixhobo zonyango: EJamani B Izixhobo zotyando zeBraun zifakwe kwi-MAO phezu komhlaba, kunye nesantya se-antibacterial ye-99.9%.

Ukugqunywa kwe-Spacecraft: I-NASA iphuhlise i-Al ₂ O ∝ - TiO ₂ umaleko we-ceramic ohlanganisiweyo, ubushushu bokumelana ne-2000 ℃.

Ifilimu yokuguqulwa kwamachiza: "ikhaka elingabonakaliyo" kwimveliso eluhlaza

Iimpawu zobuchwephesha: Akukho mfuneko yombane, velisa ifilimu ekhuselayo kwisisombululo seqondo lokushisa.

Inkqubo eqhelekileyo:

Ukuguqulwa kweChromate: Ukumelana nokugqwesa okugqwesileyo, kodwa i-chromium enehexavalent inomhlaza (yavalwa yiManyano yaseYurophu).

Iphosphate chromate conversion: isisombululo sechromium esisimahla kunye nesihambelana nokusingqongileyo, sisetyenziswe ngokupheleleyo kumgca wemveliso weFord.

Unyango lweSilane: Ukutshintsha iityuwa zetsimbi ngeemolekyuli ze-organosilane kunciphisa iindleko zokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka ngama-70%.

Inguquko entsha yetekhnoloji ephazamisayo

Ukugquma kweNano: ukhuseleko lwenqanaba lemolekyuli ngokuchanekileyo

Ukwaleka kwe "biomimetic lotus leaf effect" ephuhliswe yiYunivesithi yaseHarvard ine-engile yoqhagamshelwano ye-160 degree kwaye amathontsi amanzi aziqengqelekela.I-BASF nanoceramic coating evela eJamani, enobunzima be-200nm, inokuxhathisa isanti kunye nefuthe legrabile.

Ukuzityabeka: “ukuzihlaziya” kwemathiriyeli

I-Kansai Coatings eJapan iye yaphuhlisa inkqubo yokuziphilisa ye-microcapsule ekhupha ii-agent zokulungisa kwiindawo zokukrala, ezivumela ukubuyisela iiyure ezingama-24.
IHefei Institute of Materials Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, iphuhlise ukutyabeka okuphendula thermally ezilungisa ngokuzenzekelayo xa sisesichengeni sobushushu.

Umbala okrelekrele otshintsha iingubo zokwaleka: umphezulu onokuthi 'ucinge'

Iglasi yeGentex ye-electrochromic evela kwaSirayeli, ene-transmittance yokukhanya ehlengahlengiswa ngamandla ombane (1% -80%)
Itekhnoloji ye-inki yombane yeMerck evela eJamani iphumeza utshintsho oluguquguqukayo lweepateni zomphezulu kwiipleyiti zealuminiyam.

Ipanorama yesicelo soshishino

Consumer electronics: umboniso wobugcisa obuchanekileyo

Isakhelo sothotho lweHuawei Mate yamkela i-micro arc oxidation+PVD yokwambathisa, enobunzima obuyi-0.6mm kuphela.Isakhelo se-Samsung Galaxy S24 Ultra sisebenzisa ifilimu efana nedayimane yekhabhoni (i-DLC) enobulukhuni be-HV900.

IziThuthi zaMandla amatsha: Ukulungelelanisa ukuKhanya kunye noKhuseleko

I-BYD blade yebhetri yetreyi ithatha i-anodizing+epoxy resin coating, idangatye elibuyisela inqanaba UL94 V-0
Isikrweqe se-BMW iX chassis sigqunywe nge-ceramicized silane, eyehlisa ubunzima ngama-30% kwaye iyaxhathisa.

I-Architectural Curtain Wall: Ukubonakaliswa kweTekhnoloji ye-Urban Aesthetics

Iindonga zangaphandle zeBurj Khalifa eDubai zigqunywe nge-fluorocarbon, ngokumelana nemozulu ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka engama-50.
Inqaba yesithsaba seSakhiwo seziko laseShanghai sisebenzisa ifotocatalysis yokuzicoca yokucoca ukususa uthuli emva kokuhlanjwa kwemvula.

 
Iindlela zexesha elizayo kunye nemingeni

UGuquko lweMveliso yoHlaza

I-agent yokuguqula i-Biobased: ukusebenzisa i-extracts yezityalo ukutshintsha iikhemikhali zendabuko
Ukushisa okuphantsi konyango lweplasma: ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kuncitshiswe ngama-50%, akukho kukhutshwa kwamanzi amdaka.

Ukuhlanganiswa okusebenzayo okuninzi

Uphando kunye nophuhliso lwe-superhydrophobic, i-antibacterial, kunye ne-conductive ezintathu kwi-coating enye
Ingubo ye-elektroniki eyolulwayo: igcina i-conductivity nangona isantya sokwelula se-300%.

Uphuhliso olukrelekrele

I-Sensor ehlanganisiweyo yokwaleka: Ukujongwa kwexesha lokwenyani kwimeko yempilo yezinto.

Ukukhanya okuphendulayo kokutshintsha umbala: kulungelelanisa ngokuzenzekelayo ubunzulu bombala ngokobunzulu be-UV.