Yintoni iAluminiyam ingxubevange?
I-alloy ye-aluminiyam yi-chemical composition apho ezinye izinto zongezwa kwi-aluminiyam ecocekileyo ukuze kuphuculwe iimpawu zayo, ngokukodwa ukwandisa amandla ayo. Ezi ezinye izinto ziquka isinyithi, i-silicon, ubhedu, i-magnesium, i-manganese kunye ne-zinc kumanqanaba adibeneyo anokwenza i-15 ekhulwini ye-alloy ngobunzima. I-alloys inikwe inombolo eneedijithi ezine, apho idijithi yokuqala ichaza iklasi ngokubanzi, okanye uchungechunge, olubonakaliswe zizinto zalo eziphambili zokudibanisa.
IAluminiyam ecocekileyo
1xxx Series
I-alloys ye-1xxx ye-series iqulethwe nge-99 yepesenti okanye i-aluminiyam ephezulu. Olu ngcelele lunokumelana nokugqwesa okugqwesileyo, ukusebenza kakuhle kakhulu, kunye ne-thermal ephezulu kunye ne-conductivity yombane. Kungenxa yoko le nto uchungechunge lwe-1xxx luqhele ukusetyenziselwa ukuhanjiswa, okanye igridi yamandla, imigca. Ukutyunjwa kwe-alloy eqhelekileyo kolu chungechunge yi-1350, kwizicelo zombane, kunye ne-1100, kwiitreyi zokupakisha ukutya.
Ii-alloys ezinokunyangwa ngobushushu
Ezinye i-alloys zomelezwa ngokuphathwa kobushushu kunye nokucima, okanye ukupholisa ngokukhawuleza. Ukunyangwa kobushushu kuthatha intsimbi eqinileyo, edibeneyo kwaye iyitshisa kwindawo ethile. Izinto ze-alloy, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-solute, zisasazwa ngokulinganayo kunye ne-aluminiyam ebeka kwisisombululo esiqinileyo. Isinyithi sicinywa emva koko, okanye sipholiswe ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo ikhenkceza i-athomu ye-solute endaweni. Iiathom zesolute ke ngoko zidibana zibe yimvula esasazwe kakuhle. Oku kwenzeka kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi elibizwa ngokuba kukwaluphala kwendalo okanye kubushushu obuphantsi bokusebenza kwiziko elibizwa ngokuba kukuguga okwenziweyo.
2xxx Series
Kuluhlu lwe-2xxx, ubhedu lusetyenziswa njengomgaqo-siseko we-alloying element kwaye inokuqiniswa kakhulu ngokuphathwa kobushushu. Ezi ngxubevange zinendibaniselwano elungileyo yamandla aphezulu kunye nokuqina, kodwa azinawo amanqanaba okuxhathisa umhlwa okusemoyeni njengezinye iialloyi ezininzi ze-aluminiyam. Ke ngoko, ezi ngxubevange zidla ngokupeyintwa okanye zinxitywe ngenxa yokuvezwa okunjalo. Ngokuqhelekileyo banxibe nge-alloy yococeko oluphezulu okanye i-6xxx series alloy ukuxhathisa kakhulu ukubola. I-alloy 2024 mhlawumbi i-alloy yenqwelomoya eyaziwa kakhulu.
6xxx Series
Uthotho lwe-6xxx luyaguquguquka, luyanyangeka ubushushu, luyabumbeka kakhulu, luyathandeka kwaye lunamandla aphakathi aphezulu adityaniswa nokumelana nokugqwesa okugqwesileyo. I-alloys kolu chungechunge iqulethe i-silicon kunye ne-magnesium ukwenzela ukuba yenze i-silicide ye-magnesium ngaphakathi kwe-alloy. Iimveliso ze-Extrusion ezivela kuluhlu lwe-6xxx lukhetho lokuqala kwizicelo zezakhiwo kunye nezakhiwo. Ingxubevange 6061 yeyona alloy isetyenziswa kakhulu kolu thotho kwaye ihlala isetyenziswa kwilori kunye nezakhelo zaselwandle. Ukongeza, enye imeko yefowuni yenziwe kwi-6xxx series alloy.
7xxx Series
I-Zinc yi-agent ephambili ye-alloying kolu chungechunge, kwaye xa i-magnesium yongezwa kwisixa esincinci, isiphumo siyinto enokunyangwa ukushisa, i-alloy enamandla kakhulu. Ezinye izinto ezifana nobhedu kunye nechromium nazo zisenokongezwa ngezixa ezincinci. I-alloys eyaziwa kakhulu yi-7050 kunye ne-7075, esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwishishini leenqwelomoya.
Ii-alloys ezinganyangekiyo ngobushushu
Ii-alloys ezingaphathwa ngobushushu zomelezwa ngokusebenza okubandayo. Ukusebenza okubandayo kwenzeka ngexesha lokuqengqeleka okanye iindlela zokubumba kwaye sisenzo "sokusebenza" isinyithi ukuze sibe namandla. Umzekelo, xa uqengqeleka i-aluminiyam ukuya kwiigeyiji ezincinci, iyomelela. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukusebenza okubandayo kwakha i-dislocations kunye nezithuba kwisakhiwo, nto leyo ethintela ukuhamba kwee-athomu ezihambelanayo. Oku kwandisa amandla esinyithi. Izinto ezidibeneyo ezifana ne-magnesium ziyayiqinisa le mpembelelo, ikhokelela kumandla aphezulu.
3xxx Series
IManganese yeyona nto iphambili yokudibanisa kolu luhlu, ihlala inemilinganiselo emincinci yemagnesium eyongeziweyo. Nangona kunjalo, kuphela ipesenti elinganiselweyo yemanganese enokongezwa ngokufanelekileyo kwi-aluminiyam. I-3003 yi-alloy ethandwayo ngenjongo ngokubanzi kuba inamandla aphakathi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwaye inokusetyenziswa kwizicelo ezifana nezitshintshi zokufudumala kunye nezixhobo zokupheka. I-alloy 3004 kunye nokuguqulwa kwayo kusetyenziswe kwimizimba yeetoti zesiselo se-aluminium.
4xxx Series
I-4xxx ii-alloys ze-series zidityaniswe ne-silicon, enokuthi idibaniswe ngobuninzi obaneleyo ukuthoba indawo yokunyibilika kwe-aluminium, ngaphandle kokuvelisa i-brittleness. Ngenxa yoku, uchungechunge lwe-4xxx luvelisa i-welding egqwesileyo yocingo kunye ne-alloys yokubrasha apho kufuneka indawo ephantsi yokunyibilika. I-alloy 4043 yenye yezona zinto zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-filler alloys ye-welding 6xxx series alloys ye-structural and automotive applications.
5xxx Series
I-Magnesium yeyona arhente yomxube iphambili kuthotho lwe-5xxx kwaye yenye yezona zinto zisebenzayo nezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-aluminiyam. Iialloyi kolu ngcelele zineempawu zamandla aphakathi ukuya kumandla aphezulu, kunye nokushisela okulungileyo kunye nokuchasana nokubola kwimekobume yaselwandle. Ngenxa yoko, i-aluminium-magnesium alloys isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwisakhiwo kunye nokwakhiwa, iitanki zokugcina, iinqanawa zoxinzelelo kunye nezicelo zaselwandle. Imizekelo yezicelo eziqhelekileyo ze-alloy zibandakanya: 5052 kwi-electronics, i-5083 kwizicelo zaselwandle, i-anodized 5005 sheets kwizicelo zezakhiwo kunye ne-5182 yenza isiselo se-aluminium singakwazi ukuvala.
